A Brief Note On Cyber Bullying And Or Harassment - 1728 Words

Comprehensive Investigational Manual Elder l Brown Jr. ITT Technical Institute. Instructor: Charles Halls Jr. CJ2670: Computer Forensics. Wk. 6. Project 2 Pg. 2. Introduction: Case There are many ways that cybercrimes are conducted. One particular offense is the case of cyber bullying and or harassment personal pictures hacked from a specific personal computer. Crimes against a computer include attacks on networks that cause them to crash, such as the attacks by the Morris worm, and unauthorized access to, or tampering with, information systems, programs, or data. The victim is violated in that his/her personal pics are hacked and used to defame, and also for financial gain. This is a case of a computer targeted cyber-attack. Preparing the affidavit and warrant is complex in as e-evidence is a new emerging form of evidence. As technology advances different techniques are developed to hack a computer system. One of the most common approaches for unauthorized access to personal information is phishing. An example of phishing is when an e-mail is addressed to you requesting you to open for an amazing opportunity. The victim opens the email which is a link to a deceptive website requesting personal information. If the information is given it’s actually stolen for subsequentShow MoreRelatedAnti-Bullying Prevention Proposal6403 Word s   |  26 PagesProposal – XYZ High School Anti-Bullying Program 20130228 Juvenile Justice Prevention Program Proposal Section 1. DESCRIBE THE TARGET GROUP The direct target group is the current freshman class at suburban middle class XYZ High School (XYZHS). Naturally, as the sophomore, junior, and senior classes matriculate through the school, they will be indirectly affected by the program and expected to hold true to the lessons and values taught in the anti-bullying curricula during their freshmanRead MoreStudy Guide Essay25129 Words   |  101 Pagesmay be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotation in review. Copyright  © 2014 by California Coast University BAM 411 Human Resource Management Syllabus Course Number BAM 411 Course Title Human Resource Management Course Description This course provides a thorough review of essentialRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence : Demographic Differences And Associations With Health Behaviors3229 Words   |  13 PagesLGBT adults has received increased attention (Stall et al., 2003; Tjaden, Thoennes, Allison, 1999), the downward extension to sexual minority youth is more uncommon, with the bulk of empirical research and media attention focusing instead on harassment, bullying, and hate crimes (Kosciw et al. 2011; Williams, Connolly, Pepler, Craig, 2005). While victimization in the schools and community is important to investigate, relatively little is known about violence that occurs within the context of LGBT youth’sRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesor for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights andRead MoreAnz Bank142091 Words   |  569 PagesShareholder Information 208 – Operating and Financial Review 12 Glossary of Financial Terms 214 – Remuneration Report 28 Alphabetical Index 216 Corporate Governance 57 Section 2 Financial Statements 77 Notes to the Financial Statements 84 Directors’ Declaration and Responsibility Statement 193 Independent Auditor’s Report 194 CONTENTS 3 SECTION 1 Financial Highlights 5 Chairman’s Report 6 Chief Executive Officer’s

The Community Of The Lgbt Community Essay - 1356 Words

Brandon Boso, female to male transgender, was eleven when he came out to his parents as transgender. From Brooklyn to Brandon, his parents were skeptical and did not want to accept him as Brandon. Fights broke out and yelling became an everyday occurrence. In an interview, he states, â€Å"One day my mom came into my room screaming that I wasn’t a boy and I wasn’t gay because I had said that I still liked guys† (Boso). Although his family became more supportive as he became older, he still had to deal with the backlash from his family while most of his friends were supportive. This is the case for many individuals in the LGBT community who are afraid of coming out to their family. Coming out to your family and friends can be and is a crucial point in someone’s life. The process of coming out and how this affects personal relationships, the break in communication between them and their parents, the toll this takes on them emotionally and mentally while tran sitioning as well are all key pieces to the coming out as transgender process and also the transition. While some may think that coming out as transgender is an easy decision, people do not take into consideration that coming out as transgender to your parents, family and friends can be emotional, terrifying, and can lead to suicidal thoughts. This process is key in the development of the rest of these teens life and can lead to serious problems with self-esteem and self-acceptance. Some of the terms in this paper are hard toShow MoreRelatedLgbt Community And The Community1240 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of the paper will be discussing about the LGBT community or, also known as the GLBT community, which is defined as a group of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders. 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In North Carolina the House Bill 2 has been a major cause of controversy amongst many residents of North Carolina as well as the United States as a whole. From the constitutional standpoint, North Carolina has overstepped

Letters from the Ground Zero Free Essays

â€Å"Letters from the Ground Zero† is an essay about the tragedy of September 11 in New York City which was unexpected and unbelievable but still happened in broad daylight and caught everyone all over the world unaware and for someone who lived six blocks away from the World Trade Center when the acts of terrorism happened in the American soil like Jonathan Schell, the author of this essay, it is one unforgettable moment in his life to witness such devastation in your country and your countrymen. Schell narrated and illustrated what he had heartrendingly encountered firsthand that day and according to him, â€Å"My specific neighborhood was violated and mutilated.   As I write these words, the acrid, dank, rancid stink—it is the smell of death—of the still smoking site is in my nostrils. We will write a custom essay sample on Letters from the Ground Zero or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The occurrence of such an attack could have been prevented if every government’s vigilance was increased and complacency was not heightened.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It will always be a better option for all countries to be circumspect, to take extra precautions and do what they can to obliterate such demonic creations. In the time of development of such sophisticated weapons of mass destruction, it is never impossible anymore for a specific part of the globe to become the next ground zero. As Schell told, â€Å"We have known this intellectually, but now we know it viscerally, as a nausea in the pit of the stomach that is unlikely to go away.† The author was able to give a testimonial to the tragedy since he lived near the ground zero and who better to narrate it than someone like him.   What the essay tries to impart is for people to see that something has to be done to stop this from happening again to each one’s homeland and protect the countrymen. The author effectively narrated what can be seen on the television at the same time the streets of New York right after what happened like how people helped each other in any way they can and how so many heroic deeds emerged after such consecutive acts of terror occurred in the United States of America.   The author said â€Å"the surrounding buildings were smashed but still standing and looked down eyelessly on their pulverized brethren†. He was also able to witness how heroic men and women tried to slowly and patiently work in finding the people under the numerous piles of rubbles in ground zero which made it very difficult for the rescue operations to get as many people out of the site alive yet their persistence somehow gave him the reassurance. Despite all these the American people rose above the devastation and destruction even after so many lives of people, employees, firemen, policemen and rescuers were lost.   America has truly learned a huge lesson in a most traumatic, appalling and heartrending way. The essay gives the reader a glimpse of the atmosphere of the perimeter near ground zero, immediately after the World Trade Center was struck.   It makes the reader see what it took and how much courage and strength it took for people whose presence was literally there when it happened. Everyone should try to move and take action on how these attacks can be prevented in the country known to be most powerful in this world. Works Cited Schell, Jonathan. â€Å"Letters from the Ground Zero.† Connelly, Mark. The Sundance Reader, Fourth Edition. Boston, Massachussetts: Thomas Wadsworth, 2006. 119-120.       How to cite Letters from the Ground Zero, Essay examples

Health Records free essay sample

When going to the doctors office, there was a time when patients had to check out their medical records before seeing their doctor or dentist. They would also have to return the medical records before leaving the clinics or hospital. Now patients are able to skip those steps because of electronic medical records. But what exactly are manual medical records and electronic records? According to Merriam-Webster, medical records are a record of a patients medical information (as medical history, care or treatments received, test results, diagnoses, and medications taken). Electronic medical records are digital medical records that either originates from an electronic format or Is converted from paper or hard copy to an online version. This paper will give the reader insight on the pros and cons of both manual and electronic medical records, and will allow the reader to form an opinion on which is the better method of filing records. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Records or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Medical records are used to malntaln all of a patients medical files. These files and documents include, but are not limited to vitals, medication history, prior injuries, treatments, and appointments. The medical records come in two forms: electronic and paper (manual). Both are essential to keeping track of patients medical history. This Is Important for doctors to be able to continue appropriate treatment, and especially necessary for patients that have a team of physicians and therapists. Without medical records it would nearly impossible to give the proper care to a patient because there would be a lack of knowledge of past medical care and treatment. The question that usually arises about medical records Is which are better, electronic or manual records? This is a very good question, but both methods are very beneficial. There are pros and cons to both of the methods. When comparing the two I like to evaluate them based on storage, legibility, access, and security. These four points can help you determine which method is more reliable or efficient. Storage of medical records is an area in which electronic medical records seem to have the edge. Hospitals and medical providers often have warehouses literally filled with paper records. Besides taking up space, paper records are not eco-friendly. Electronic records can be stored on computer drives that require much less space and fewer resources to produce. Paper records also naturally deteriorate over time in storage, regardless of how well their environment is controlled, and they tend to decay upon excessive handling. Computer records can in theory be stored and accessed forever, without the deterioration of record quality. While doctors may have a reputation for poor penmanship, few people In any profession can write as clearly as a computer word processor can. Paper medical records can be difficult to ecipher, particularly for those unfamiliar with medical terminology. One of the clear benefits of electronic records Is that typeface Is more or less standardized and clear across all records. This clarity saves time for the reader, and time can be critical In medical treatment. However, doctors or their assistants who are unfamiliar with the Dest practlces 0T word processlng tecnnology may Tina It time-consuming to enter records electronically (http://smallbusiness. chron. com/paper-vs-electronic-medical- records-40354. html). According to John Csiszar, one of the main benefits of electronic edical records is that they can be shared with other professionals almost instantaneously via electronic transmission or direct access to a storage system. For paper records to reach other interested parties, they must either be mailed or converted to electronic format, such as via scanning and emailing, before they can be accessed. Both paper and electronic record storage systems have some security vulnerabilities. Electronic records are susceptible to hackers and other unauthorized individuals who can gain access by breaking down the electronic defenses of a torage system. Electronic records can also be rendered inaccessible due to system crashes or other electronic malfunctions. Paper records are generally safe unless someone physically breaks into a storage unit. Both types of records can be susceptible to natural disasters such as fires and floods; however, a facility will typically have only one copy of a paper record, versus at least one backup copy of an electronic record. Both electronic records and manual records are beneficial. I personally think that they should be filed in conjunction with one another. I think that we should do them electronically, but print copies for paper records as a backup system. Computer systems are not always reliable, so the paper records would be beneficial during those times.

Running Head Divorce The Effect On The Children Essays

Running head: Divorce: The Effect on the Children Divorce: The Effect on the Children Divorce: The Effect on the Children Divorce, once uncommon in our society, is now becoming more and more frequent, disrupting our children's state of well-being. Some children of divorced families have long-term behavior problems such as depression, low self-esteem, poor school performance, acting out, and difficulties with intimate relationships. Children with divorced or divorcing parents often have a sense of abandonment, because their parents become too preoccupied with their own psychological, social, and economic distress that they forget about their kids' needs (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). In 1988, Professor Jeanne Dise-Lewis conducted a survey of 700 middle school students. The students were asked to rate certain events as to the stress they causes. The death of a parent or close family member was the only thing that outranked divorce (Zinsmeister, 1996). A divorce in the family creates a major life change for most children. Loss of contact with friends, schoolmates, neighbors, teachers, and sometimes moving to a new location may bring a lot of psychosocial stress upon the children, and that stress can be very harmful. Since the divorce boom started in the 1960's, father-mother divorces have increased at an alarming rate. Today more than 1,000,000 kids experience a divorce in the family every year in the United States alone (U.S.A. Today, p. 8). As a result of the divorce, many children live in single-parent homes. This usually results in a drop in income for the family. Remarriage creates step families. Children often have a hard time adjusting to this new situation. Many of the remarriages end in divorce. As children see these marriages end, they may become more likely to accept divorce as they enter marriage. It seems that the old saying, ?staying together for the sake of the kids? is becoming a fairy tale. Parental Actions: Custodial and Nonresidential Children's behavior, development, and adjustment to divorce is affected closely by the actions of both of their parents. In a typical divorce situation, one parent has custody of the children and the other is considered to be the nonresidential parent. Children whose nonresidential parents continue to support them financially, whose custodial parents are psychologically healthy, and those who can maintain a meaningful relationship with the nonresidential parent tend to be affected less by the divorce (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). The nonresidential parent who supports the children economically through child support also tends to spend more time with the children. The situation is improved when there is no conflict between the two parents. Divorces do not always have to be bad; in some cases a divorce can offer members of dysfunctional families the chance to escape from family related stress and conflict (Zinsmeister, 1996). When ex-husbands and wives can work through their problems and go on with their lives, divorces can be considered successful. Personal Experience In the United States, about 45% of all first marriages are now dissolved, and in the United Kingdom, 41% divorce within 14 years (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). Divorces are happening all around us. Most of us can relate directly, or have some friends that have been affected by divorces. Two of my closest friends now belong to divorced families. The divorces of my two friends' parents was painful for me as well as them. I spent days upon days helping them cope with the divorce related stressors. Today we still have bad memories of those several months surrounding the divorces, and occasionally one of them will have a break-down. Custody and Support In most divorce situations, the mother has custody of the minor children. The children receive support from the nonresident parent. Historically, the amount of support does not cover half the cost of raising a child. In addition, many of the support payers do not pay the full amount of support awarded by the courts (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). Wage garnishment and stronger support enforcement laws are possible solutions to this problem. Joint custody is allowed in some states. While the idea sounds positive, children of joint-custody agreements often feel that they are constantly leaving one house to go to the other. The child does not feel a stable home exists. When the parents do not have a

WTC Attack essays

WTC Attack essays Like many others, I grieve those killed in the Towers Tragedy. It was a horrendous and unwarranted act of violence that is irrefutably condemnable. However, I also sympathize with those innocent civilians who suffer in retaliation to these terrorist acts. Previously during the attacks on Oklahoma, Islamic extremists were blindly accused of this act of terror. Arab businesses were attacked and homes vandalized. The attackers were found to be of domestic origin. Recently, mosques and community centers in Montreal, Chicago, and elsewhere were harassed. Countless individuals have experienced threats and assaults. Even more shocking are the polls conducted by CBS indicating that two-thirds of Americans support a military strike, even if innocent people are killed. The United States has declared war on Afghanistan, predominantly for its harboring of Osama Bin Ladin. Both Afghanistan and Bin Laden have denied responsibility of the attack. When the American embassy was bombed in Africa by Bin Ladin he admitted in doing the attacks. He is not afraid of telling the United States of his crimes, my point being he will not be afraid to admit it this time too. Additional suspicion is aroused considering suspects were previously identified drinking in a bar located in Hollywood, Florida. Islamic fundamentalists do not often consort with open sinners. Many Americans are bewildered at who would be heartless enough to carry out such a dreadful act. To many others, the answer is obvious. Over the past couple decades America has bombed and terrorized Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan, Afghanistan, Puerto Rico, Japan, Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea, Cambodia, Laos and Iraq, with civilian casualties numbering in the millions. Bombings in Iraq have continued over the years relentlessly. Robert Fisk of The Independent writes, [T]here will be, inevitably, and quite immorally, an attempt to obscure the historical wrongs a ...

How have certain specific societies or cultures tended to view the Essay

How have certain specific societies or cultures tended to view the individual person, his or her relationship to government, and the concept of individual freedom - Essay Example We can analyze these legacies and identify the most probable reasons why they have gone extinct through the ages. One strain of individual/state relation that has since left us is the truly God-centric view of the state and its justification. The Enlightenment, with its secularization of society, attempted to move the reasoning behind state power away from the dictates of an all-powerful creator, and move it to the realm of man. What is not so clear in our present age is how the individual related to the state in a time when God was indeed the central philosophic focus of all government and social power, when priests and religious men made all decisions under the watchful eye of God. One such society was that of Judah and Israel with the Hebrews upon their Exodus from the sands of Egypt. How was the individual seen then as opposed to now? In the Israelite society, government was seen as the intermediary between man and God, enforcing God’s will. Any governing force not acting on God’s will was portrayed as malicious and evil. Individuals, of course, serve the state as they serve God, for the state is a surrogate for divine power. 1 Maccabees, the deuterocanonical Jewish book, begins after Alexander the Great has conquered Judea and his empire has been split on his death. The entirety of the book encompasses the events after the suppression of Jewish rites in Judea, ordered by the Greek Seleucid Antiochus IV. Antiochus imposes his will on Jerusalem, extracting objects from the Jewish temple, slaughtering worshippers, and enforcing a tax and building a fortress in the city. To make matters worse, Antiochus smothers the observance of Jewish laws, desecrates the temple and forbids the practice of circumcision. Antiochus establishes an idol in place of the Jewish god, forcing members of the community to make sacrifices to it. This all comes in an attempt to reestablish the Hellenistic culture and, in some respects, the Greek polis in

Nutritional Claims of Omega-3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutritional Claims of Omega-3 - Assignment Example These claims are believable, taking into account the many health benefits associated with fish products. 3. Yes, it does. People might tend to rely on this supplement instead of going for specialized hospital treatment. 4. This article is from a reliable medical source called WebMD and has been reviewed by peers. 5. WebMD is not in the business of selling nutritional supplements, or any other services at all. 6. The information provided on Omega-3 supplements is neither based on a person’s personal experience nor their opinion. Instead, it is as a result of research conducted by a group of professionals and reviewed as well. 7. I tend to believe this article and the information it provides. 8. The science behind this article is relatively good but recommends contacting a doctor before depending on the supplement as a solution to cardiovascular complications. 9. The study is controlled in that the conclusions are drawn from the comparison of the health of people using Omega-3 a nd those not using it as a dietary supplement. 10. The participants and researchers were both aware of the usage of Omega-3 as a supplement intended to counter heart diseases and cardiac arrest.

Juvenile Justice - School Influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Juvenile Justice - School Influence - Assignment Example Programs such as abolish chronic truancy (ACT) are effective truancy prevention program in schools. ACT targets children in grade K-6. Â  ACT progressively involves both the child and the parents in an effort to make them be accountable. The first step in this program is the school administration engaging parents, who show truancy behaviors at school. In the presence of the deputy district attorney, community-based organizations and school staff, the parents are invited to attend a meeting, together with their children. The program aims at improving character among children through collaboration between parents and instructors. Â  In case of no reforms in behavior, parents of the affected child are required to attend a review team meeting at the school. At this step, the review team undertakes identification of specific problems of the child. Parents should commit to being actively involved in ensuring the child adheres to attendance rules. The review board for that probe the student’s attendance is the next step for children with further problems after the SART. If all the measures are unsuccessful to prevent truancy expressed through the child’s behavior.

Various New Trends In Indian Music Industry Media Essay

Various New Trends In Indian Music Industry Media Essay This report is to analyze of various new trends in Indian music industry. The research is based on Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc (SMEI), New York. It is one of the most famous recording companies in the world and growing its business in India rapidly, as Indian music industry is famous for its bollywood (Indian film industry) music, and its growing business in Indian market. The organization and the country chosen in this report is to explore its recent trends and the factors which affecting the company as well as the Indian music industry (IMI). IMI is not an ordinary industry, as it is one of the important sources of revenue for Indian government. The report is focused on the Indian music industry and its new trends and pre and post conditions related to these trends. The main structure of the report is three important parts which includes four trends which are supported by various articles, journals, reports, online information and data and other various literature which support the evidence of all four trends and followed by the scenarios based on deductive approach and finally, the implications of these trends and on the basis on which conclusion is drawn. The report is completed based on knowledge acquired in the class, secondary data and the great support from Mr. Stephen McGrail. Industry and market background The reason to choose the music industry as a topic to researcher is due to the things making our attention in the world like in UK, at least 7 million people use illegal downloads, costing the economy billions of Dollars and thousands of jobs, according to a report. Which reflect that the illegal downloading is robbing the worlds economy with millions of Dollars every year and seriously damaging business, innovation and music industry throughout the world .This is something which really need attention from the masses as well the government in tackling this issues. Following figure show prominent revenue decrease in music industry from year 1999-2008:   (Figure Where is the money going? (Reason Number 3 for the Drop in Music Sales Availability Too Little or Wrong Format 2010) The issues which is making the set back to the music industry will be the future money machine in the long term prospective if they are considered reasonably i.e. in next 5 years, internet  wont be  making sales down it will create more revenue for the government as well as the music industry like Sony, etc. with the use of e-commerce means  like iTunes and YouTube. We are taking Indian music which is full of diversity due to its large population and growing economy. The market size of Indian Music industry is about Rs.777 Crores (USD 149 million) 2009. Digital market has been expanding rapidly and will lead to a trend of gradual substitution within the next 5 years. Piracy has been a problem since long in Indian market and still remains. Overall, the music industry is estimated to grow at 3% every year for next five years (Music Market 2010 the Indian Music Industry, http://www.indianmi.org/national.htm viewed 30th Sep 2010) Following figure show that the despite music revenue dropping in western countries, the music industry in India still maintains on steady growth. (Source: revenues of the music industry in India Figure shows the industry revenue of India in Crores (ten million) Figure shows the distribution of Indian music market. Film is a critical drive factor in Indian music, taking over 3/5 of the market share. International and local pop music is nearly half-half, respectively 6% and 8%. (Figure Genre wise distribution of music sales in India Music Market 2010) Organization Background. Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest recording music company in the world. It counted among the BIG FOUR music companies. Sony music was founded in 1929 with the merger of several small companies. After many acquisition and joint venture in 2008 Sony Music buys all the share of the company. The total revenue of Sony Music is 3.9 billion U.S$ with a growth of 2.2% in 2008. Sony Music entertainment signed a deal with you tube and have its own channel on you tube. Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd is the wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Inc (SMEI) New York. It is the only integrated company in India, with manufacturing, marketing and distribution. Sony Music entered Indian market in 1996, which brings lots of change in Indian music industry mainly Sony creates a transparency in the music industry and focused on quality. And the most important thing Sony music exported Indian music to international audience also. Total market share of company in 2007-08 was 10 % which is, much higher than other music companies in India. The economic trend which can be seen in the Indian Market is the Rising of middle class as we know Indian is the one of the world largest economy with good purchasing power which is in the hand of the middle class as the population density of India is more toward middle class. This is effecting the Indian music industry as the buying capacity of the music gadget or the instrument which now a days mostly work on the digital storage and flash storage as they are more compact and mobile regardless of the old sources like walkman and the Disk players. Second, Indias service industry accounts for 55% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in which digital market growing in the steady flow. Lastly, the wealthiest of younger and there westernization as more and more go study overseas and come back with a better paid career. In which the Australia is the second largest group of overseas students in number after China. They are building a larger middle class, and also their appetite is influenced is more towards western lifestyle. Post-condition to sustain this trend in future are firstly the increasing number of legal website exists like iTunes Store for downloading and the rule and regulation will increase their extend to all these downloading site . Secondly, post-condition is the technologies in the Indian market will grow and will keep them up to the mark with the world in reference to the music software, music formats and device to play with. The pre-condition of the trend in which the companies focusing on Internet Entertainer is due young generation is turning toward the short term entertainment and they really starting love it as there million of Face book posted video which is high supported from the youth which reflect that more population involving there most of the time in day doing social-networking whether its on Laptop, desktop or Mobile. This culture is also increasing due to increasing affording capacity of this youth market. The Post condition which is required to sustain this trend are firstly , the increasing in number of IPTVs channels from the help of the internet provider. Secondly ,rising patent and copy right law and the issues related to them and last the increasing number of posted video which lead to the numbers of talents and self made celebrity. Legal trend The trend is Copyright for Remixes, where Remixes are nothing but some changes made to original songs in other words old wine in new bottle. And the most important issue is the young generation enjoys remix song more than that of original songs and it is an easy way of popularizing old forgotten songs. And as remixes are copied of already existing musical works so issue of copyright is an important issue in India. In over past few years the huge sale of this kind of music proves that people like this kind of music. And this new trends is good for both customers and Indian music industry, as customers are getting more variety of music and good for industry as it gaining new talents and upsurge in revenue, for example an old song kaanta laga is remixed and released in year 2003 by an Indian music company T-series and its has taken remixes to a new height and boom the remix market. Evidence From year 2001-2004 around 5500 cases were registered by Indian music industry and government official seized 25 lakh compact disc. And the according to the copyright act 1957 5 percentage of the share from the first print order has to be sent as royalty to the song owner (singer) Pre-Condition Pre condition that leads to this trend is that artists are start losing loyalty and they getting less money as most important task is done by them and the remix artists making lot of money. And government and Indian music industry estimated that because of piracy they had a loss of 190 million U.S dollars in terms of sales tax, excise duty, and income tax. And most important Indian consumers are suffering because they are buying poor quality of products and supporting the theft of intellectual property. Post Condition There are several post conditions of this trend like growth of more online distributors in India few e.g. Fabmart.com, soundbuzz.com, musicurry.com, vindia.com, audiofind.com, mp3.com are some of the websites frequently visited by music fans to download Indian as well as international music, musicurry.com is the only Indian portal to have obtained license to host and play Indian music online. Secondly increasing copyright protection of online contents as Indian music industry (IMI) has set up Anti-piracy team in year 2000 for internet security which is headed by a famous Indian official who has been working with IFPI to face piracy in India and the result of this IMI has managed to close five hundreds sites which enables consumers to download music illegally. IMI also focusing on Websites which are involved in streaming and downloading Indian music with the collaborations of IFPI (IFPI represents the recording industry worldwide, with a membership comprising some 1400 record companie s in 66 countries and affiliated industry associations in 45 countries) and the most important initiating actions against consumers downloading music through P2P transfers which result the famous downloading source KAZAA is closed. And for the success of all this effort retailers increasing extent of rules by government specially remix music retailers. The technological trend. This trend refers to the technology boom which leads to the strong competition in the technological market which leads to cheap and quality products. As the increases consumption of the desktop, laptop and the other digital devices in India. It brings the technology as the internet that is a significant influencer directly to the Indian music market. Especially, the online market stimulation which fulfills the customer need and bring low cost and quality of product (IMI 2005). Evidence Indian would like to use the technological devices such as iPod or other products of Apple. Even though the taxes of these products are high, they are willing to buy these products.(Carney 2010). Pre condition The pre condition to this trend is the increase in literacy rate in Indian as the most of the young generation is educating them self to sustain in the competing world and the second the amount of the foreign direct investment flowing in the India is leading to high technology development due to the technology transfer from the parent company. Post condition The post conditions to sustain this trend are firstly the technology shift from Micro to Nano devices in the reference to there size as well as the processer on which they work on and secondly as per the data the demand of the high tech product in India are increasing day by day which reflect the continuous adoption of the high-tech life style regardless of their high cost. Scenario Methodology. To analyze how the four trends interact between each other, we employ a cross-impact table in which vertical columns are active, and the horizontal ones are passive. With the help of this we will conclude the most uncertain factor to analyze the future scenario: Emerging middle class Super tech. Internet Entertainer Legal Emerging middle class Make people buy more Go for more diversified ent. More access to P.C. Net No more piracy support Super tech. More sales More iPad, iPod, iPhone, i stimulation accelerate Internet Entertainer More audience   More online recourse available Regulate and guide Legal More requirement for legal support Better guarantee Force to, lead to We are using deductive method to analyze the music industrys future scenario. We have chosen the two most uncertain factors from the cross impact table that mostly influence the future of this industry in India are: Extend of the government of rule and regulation. Adoption of high-tech life style. Extend of the government of rule and regulation. As we know that Indian is the Country with the second Largest population in the world and the government structure is very complicated which can create in the uncertainty in the adoption of the rule and regulation in Indian as whole. But in this Factor we are taking about the measuring and the extend of the rule and regulation the government impose in the country to measure and monitor the online activities. (E.g. Bit torrent) The extend of the rule which can be imposed can be on the legislation on using a musicians product in any sense (e.g. processing remix of original songs) will have to pay the copyright fee or loyalty to the musician and company as well as the artist because at the moment no one is paying for using anyone works to remake Adoption of high-tech life style. As we talked about population of the India in previous uncertainty factor ,the same things also refer here that the Indian population is very diversified in the sense of age ,cast and religion .And the adoption to the new high-tech life style is somewhere widely excepted and somewhere not. And the young population which we are mainly targeting can be ridged in some part and open in some part of India which depend on the background they came from and ultimately influence the music industry. Following figure we have shown the deductive method. In which we have taken both the uncertainty factor on the axis to find out the future scenario for the music industry. With the help of this we are able to formed four quadrants by using the uncertainty variable in which each of them stands for a possible and Negative scenario which can occurs for the Indian music industry. Description of Scenario. Scenario 1 Internet Parade Low legislation vs Low technology adoption. It very much represent the present situation of market, when nearly all the resources are available freely and people dont always pay copyright fee even if they use music products digitally i.e. downloads. This will probably happen because of low extend of the Rule and regulation from the government will favor people to hunt for free downloading site. Scenario 2 Websites Wins Low legislation vs High technology adoption Will lead to scarce of free downloadable music recourses because of high technology innovation on coding of digital information and websites start to charge for downloads or paid sign up for downloading. This will happen because there is a universal discipline when it is about resource; it would be business opportunity for the online retailer but not for the government revenue as due to low regulation. Scenario 3 Grey Market High Legislation vs. Low technology adoption Objectively there will be large amount for downloadable or transitable music products, but will be highly restricted by Government Regulation and laws. So the situation could be that the downloading or sharing behavior would convert to underground way through social network and with sharing of content through communities like face book, AOL, MSN, QQ and other chatting tools and networking sites. This will possibly happen when there is strict prevention of illegal downloading, the websites providing this would disappear and social communities and chatting tools would take relay of this thing because they are extremely popular among peers and they surely can be a good media for transmitting digital property products by friends-sharing between individuals, without offending the law. Scenario 4 Bright Era High legislation protection vs. High technology adoption. This is favorable future for music industry. Customers have to pay for all online resources, and they cannot be transited easily and the Artist and Creator wont lose their loyalty. But in real sense this is somewhat difficult to happen, because either of the legal and technology part will meet obstacle, even also the music companies work hand-in-hand with government. The concerning issues related to resistance of internet users, among who are majority brought up in an digital environment that all the transformed products should be shared freely, and ignorance and lack of consciousness of intellectual property in developing countries. And also both of their process takes long time, maybe decades to actually implement practically. Implications. Key Risk. The New technology will be at risk till it has been widely accepted or has been globalised or nationalized. The new technology will lead to the potential risk for example: the Transiting between the devices will be more difficult. In future more online retailer will play in market as its growing and will lead to the high density of completion in the digital market. Cost of the Original Music will get down due to the high technology and low inventory cost in the production of the music. Key Opportunity. Online retailer and the big music company like Sony Music will have the opportunity to work with the government hand to hand regarding the copyright issues and the other related issues to protect their right as well the artist loyalty . This digital market will give Indian music industry a new face which will be broader and full of new opportunities which will help the Indian music industry to grow worldwide. This will lead to improvement in the quality of the music and with the advancement of the technology the more file format will come for the music for example: mp3, FLV, WMV, and ACC.Many more coming in future. Conclusion. After the Depth research of the industry and the chosen market we can conclude that the growth of this industry in the future is favorable and proposed scenario may occur in which the most favorable are Grey Market and the Bright Era. The movement of the physical CDs and the DVD will decrease or we can say will demolish as we can see these days and the future will be more of the flash drives and the digital market .With the help of the technology the government will have the more power to monitor and track the online downloads and the uses will help the government to generate the more revenue from the online industry which they are losing these days. The Artist and the music producer as well the singer will be free to circulate their work or art as due to high regulation and rule on online market their work will be protected and which will give the freedom to share with the world without fear of copy or illegal Issues. Lastly we conclude that the more and more Music company will work in hand in hand with the online entertainment sites Like YouTube ,You ku, etc.

Genetic Screening and Genetic Discrimination by Insurance Companies Ess

Genetic screening has been a subject of debate for quite some time now. Beginning in the 1990s, when it became prevalent owing to the increasing research into the cause of diseases (Chadwick, 1). Screening brought advantages— the chance to see what diseases or cancers one may be at risk for, an opportunity to take a glimpse inside of one’s personal genome (Tree.com). However, as genetic screening became more and more common, it brought with it just as many disadvantages. Genetic screening found its way into corporate boardrooms and insurance companies, creating large amounts of discrimination against employees where genetic make-up revealed a disposition to certain diseases. Despite acts prohibiting genetic discrimination, such as the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA), insurance companies today still use results from genetic screening tests to deny people medical coverage that they need (Hill). Insurance companies should not be permitted t o use genetic screening in their application process as it creates discrimination against the individual as well as entire races, and the information is not reliable. Genetic screening is a process created in the 1990s, which allowed anyone to have his or her genome mapped out and carefully studied for signs of hereditary diseases and cancer. Typically, it is used to detect only recessive or heterozygote diseases such as Tay Sachs Disease and Cystic Fibrosis, and today is applied to predisposition testing for multifactorial diseases of larger populations (Chadwick, 1). Most commonly, the DNA is taken from blood samples or a mouth swab and is then sent to a lab which takes apart the person’s genetic information and records it letter for letter. Today, five diffe... ...alition. â€Å"Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer.† 2005-2013. Web. Oct. 5, 2013. Park, Madison. â€Å" NCAA genetic screening rule sparks discrimination concerns.† 2010, August 4. Web. Oct. 5, 2013. Pray, Leslie. â€Å"DTC Genetic Testing: 23andMe, DNA Direct and Genelex.† 2008. Web. Sept. 5, 2013. Pupecki, Sandra R. Genetic Screening. May 11, 2006. Web. Sept. 9, 2013. Reichman, Judith. â€Å"Can a Genetic Test Affect My Health Insurance?† 2007 June 4. Web. Oct. 8, 2013. Rochman, Bonnie. â€Å"Why Cheaper Genetic Testing Could Cost Us a Fortune.† 2012 Oct 26. Web. Oct. 6, 2013. Sagredo, Boris. â€Å"Genetic Screening The Social Impact of Genetic Knowldege.† NA. Web. Sept. 6, 2013 Schwartz, Ruth. Hereditary and Hope: The Case of Genetic Screening. May 2008. Web (Book). Sept. 7, 2013. Tree. Com. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of DNA Genetic Testing.† 2011. Web. Sept. 4, 2013.

Marketing mix in a business

Paraded Sahara Part 1 (a) The marketing mix is a strategy tool used to formulate a plan for product development and promotions in a business. Examining the mix for the company Bottle Green may help Simon Speers, Company Owner, see the strengths and weaknesses of the business whilst considering its growth potential. The four core elements of marketing mix are product, place, price and promotion.Products: A range of cordial drinks, mostly elderflower but has a growing range including flavors such as, ginger and lemongrass, Cox's apple and Victoria plum. The product is tangible and has a core benefit of quenching thirst. The quality, brand name and packaging may also be a benefit to a consumer who considers their image and how others perceive them. The product life cycle as many others will go through the five phases; development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This is why it is important for the company to have new products lined up in order to boost sales.Place: Bottle Gr een distributes to and sells products in supermarkets, Waitress being he single biggest customer, also to tea rooms and small outlets. The company also exports to Sweden and Canada at present. Bottle Greens distribution is out-sourced, this may be a benefit as having another company deal with the logistical area of the business could save time and enable that time to be focused on a more valuable area, such as promotions. Price: Bottle Green Cordial drink is priced Just under E, I assume this is a cost based price.Simon Speers describes the bottle as ‘chic' and hopes for it to be on the dinner tables of the nations middle class. With this premium rand image and quality product it has a competitive price when comparing it to other rival brands. For example, the sparkling soft drink produced by company Seller is currently priced at E. 25 for a mall bottle and Bottle Greens price for a similar product is E. 39 for a mall bottle. Promotion: Bottle Green has a good brand image and has built up brand awareness amongst customers.Not only does the business have a great social media profile, it also sends out samples and recipes to TV chefs who are key influencer in the public eye. Jamie Oliver and Delia Smith being two TV hefts who have given positive feedback and influenced sales to rise. Another area I would like to focus on is purchasing. The bulk of Bottle Greens elderflower comes from the company farm in Clotheshorse and the rest is imported from Hungary. Sugar forms the basis of the cordial drink and this is a problem for Speers.Currently purchasing sugar at Euro-sugar price which is higher than world-sugar price by approximately 2% per tone. At present the business is purchasing at a fixed price but any movement in the wrong direction on the foreign exchange markets will mean further expense for Bottle Green. Part 1 (b) Expert Jeanine Woodcock, managing partner at Bottle Green has some suggestions which mainly focus on promotions of the business. Engaging with customers through the social media profile where customers can discuss stories in reference to the products was one suggestion.This will encourage existing and new customers to advertise the business via word of mouth and the internet. By doing this alongside another of Woodcocks suggestions, researching current customer interests and behavioral patterns, Bottle Green will have a deeper understanding of its statistics and core demographic. This will enable the business to see its strengths and weaknesses in promotions and take action where necessary. The expert also suggests sponsoring a typically British unique and authentic event. This could potentially engage more customers and raise brand awareness which should in turn increase sales.Another expert Joe Whiteouts, deputy director at Bottle Green makes suggestions that focus on product, place and promotion. One suggestion was elderflower capsules that could be added to water and be sold where water based drinks are prepared, for example, offices that use water dispensers. This product development will enable the business to target a new market with a unique new product. Another suggestion was to target the vending machine market, this would put the product in a new place where it would compete with the competition of other soft drink retailers.The final suggestion was to supply schools with recipes in May and June when elderflower is in blossom. The idea that this campaign could be competition based would give potential customers an incentive to engage with the product. It was also suggested that the idea could be pitched as a new healthier alternative to the normal range, this would allow the business to branch out into yet another area of the market. These suggestions could possibly raise brand awareness and bring new customers which would in turn bring more revenue.The business would also have new products in the market beginning a new life cycle. Part 1 (c) The weaknesses I can see in Bottle Greens marketing mix are a lack of product range, the high purchase cost of sugar and the lack of promotion. Firstly I would take the advice of the expert Joe Whiteouts and introduce a new product and a healthier alternative range. This would bring interest from new areas in the market and potentially increase sales. Secondly I would work on the current promotional schemes, I would take the advice of both experts when it comes to promoting the business.Using the social media profile is possibly the quickest, most efficient way to advertise and promote the company in a finance friendly manner. Thirdly sponsoring events and school campaigns are also good ideas, not only British events and British schools but also International events and schools to encourage the potential growth overseas. Fourthly I would branch out and advertise on TV, this is a age opportunity to reach out to millions of potential customers. Finally I would do extensive research on sugar suppliers and try to find a cheape r alternative, this could save the company money and also increase gross profit.I would achieve these goals by working with specific areas in the business such as, the product development team, purchasing team, marketing and promotions team and also the two experts to create new products with a marketing strategy to launch the business into its next level. If all the suggestions were carried out and successful I believe that with rotgut development, increased brand awareness and promotional advertising the business would be in a better financial position and potential growth not only in the I-J but also overseas would look encouraging.

Impact of Marketization on Higher Education in the UK The WritePass Journal

Impact of Marketization on Higher Education in the UK Abstract Impact of Marketization on Higher Education in the UK ). From such perceptions, it is arguably important to note that the theory of marketization explains the fact that through the concept of liberalising an economy all the trade barriers and price controls are significantly removed, which provide space to the various stakeholders to actively engage in ensuring that there is high quality production process. From the perspective of the marketization theory, a number of economies across the globe are calling upon for the deregulation of institutions of higher learning with the aim of making them more competitive within the global market. The 2013 year has been a year of marketization of the higher education system in the UK (Raffe Croxford, 2013). Throughout the 2013, UK developed policies and strategies towards attaining a fully marketised system especially for the higher education sector. Since 2013 UK has developed numerous and possibly effective policies that are aimed at encouraging the expansion of higher education. Expansion of higher education as anticipated by the UK government through development of various policies has the sole objective of increasing participation of all the stakeholders in education (McNeill, 2012). Increased participation of all involved stakeholders in the higher education courtesy of marketization concept results into a more educated workforce, which has actually enabled the UK to experience a growth in its economy. Indeed, marketization of the higher education in UK has offered a perfect ground-breaking insight on how the government policies can be employed towards altering the structures and operations of different institutions for higher learning especially universities and technical colleges (Xue-chao, 2012). The following section provides an empirical review of the previous studies and views of the scholars on the impact of the marketization on higher education with special focus to the UK. Empirical Review Different scholars and researchers have performed evaluation, analysis, and studies on the impact of marketization on higher education in the UK. Brown (2013) conducted a study that aimed at describing the concept of market-based policies with regards to higher education in the UK. In addition, Brown (2013) also aimed at assessing the historical background regarding the current reforms within higher education in UK especially in respect to marketization. The study by Brown (2013) established that there has been an improvement in higher education as seen within the idea of competition, efficiency, responsiveness, as well as innovation courtesy of marketization. From the perspective of the theory of marketization, Brown (2013) argued that marketization has provided the opportunity for different stakeholders other than government to also engage in providing services of education and learning in higher institutions of learning. Therefore, from the study of Brown it is evident that market ization has positive impact on higher education within UK. The other study was performed by Hommel and King (2013) who sought to find out the financial dimension of specific reforms by the government especially in respect to developing an educational sector that is risk-based. From the corporate risk management literature, Hommel and King (2013) found out that business schools, which continues to adopt the risk-based regulations and reforms to meet their objectives and targets with respect to learning process, face a lot of challenges especially in line with managing risks. In this respect, Hommel and King (2013) established the fact that business schools especially within the ranks of universities and other institutions of higher learning should be careful about their financial solvency through effective and efficient maintenance of functioning risks. Hence, on the perspective of the study conducted by Hommel and King (2013), it is evident that in as much as marketization provides some positive impacts there are negative impacts that accrue due to the concept for instance the increase exposure to various financial risks. Natale and Doran (2012) also performed a study on the marketization of education in a bid to identify the ethical dilemma that exists in the same. From the study, it is clear that the marketing of education continues to be epidemic, which calls for the suffusion of both practices and principles of business in the management of higher education. However, Natale and Doran (2012) established in their study that in as much as the higher education is becoming more advanced, efficient, effective, and very competitive, the idea of exposing higher education to marker-based systems has resulted into increased costs of education. As a result, there is a growing ethical concern, that is, even though on one side the higher education sector is becoming more efficient, effective, and competitive, the cost of accessing such higher education has become higher and unattainable since the pricing has been left on market forces. Such views have also been put forward by Tapper (2013), who argue that desp ite positive impacts of marketization on higher education, the market-based systems have exposed the pricing of higher education to market forces, which makes the entire cost expensive. Hence, there is need to identify whether to enhance efficiency at the expense of the cost of providing education. The other study was conducted by Holmwood (2012) with an aim of analysing markets and publics as the new battlegrounds for the sector of higher education across many economies. Holmwood (2012) evaluated the recent policy changes especially started by the British Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. The policy by the coalition government is a preferred paradigm shift with respect to restructuring and remodelling of the higher education sector. The findings from the study showed that there has been radical and neo-liberal approach towards transforming the higher education sector. So far, the policies developed by the government have been very successful in enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and competitiveness of higher education. However, Holmwood (2012) stated in the study that the only problem with transforming higher education sector into a market-based system is the fact that monocultural perspectives are likely to result into value of what is lost. Despite th e problem of monoculture as created by the market-based systems, Holmwood (2012) strongly believe that marketization is indeed a good concept; a view that has also been supported by Nickola et al (2012). Consequently, marketization continues to be a good foundation for changing higher education in the UK. Conclusion The above is a literature review explaining the impacts of marketization on higher education with special focus to the UK. The review contains two main sections, namely, the theoretical review and the empirical review. On the basis of the theoretical review, it is evident that the theory of marketization calls for the removal of the public or government dominance in the running and management of institutions of higher learning. What’s more, the theory of marketization explains that through changing the higher education sector to market-based system, the private sector is highly involved, which results into enhanced efficiency, effectiveness, and competitiveness of the higher institutions of learning. On a different perspective, the empirical review provides an analysis and evaluation of the various findings by different researchers and scholars on the impact of marketization on higher education. From the empirical review, it is clear that whereas there are numerous positive im pacts of marketization on higher education, the concept also has negative impacts on the same sector. List of References Brown, R. 2013, Access to Higher Education: The Shift towards Market-Based Policies in the UK, DICE Report, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 23-27. Holmwood, J. 2012, Markets versus Publics: The New Battleground of Higher Education, Harvard International Review, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 12-15. Hommel, U. King, R. 2013, The emergence of risk-based regulation in higher education, The Journal of Management Development, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 537-547. McNeill, T., 2012, ‘‘Don’t affect the share price’’: social media policy in higher education as reputation management. Research in Learning Technology, vol. 20. Natale, S.M. Doran, C. 2012, Marketization of Education: An Ethical Dilemma, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 187-196. Nickolai, D. H., Hoffman, S. G., Trautner, M. N., 2012, Can a knowledge sanctuary also be an economic engine? The marketization of higher education as institutional boundary work. Sociology Compass, vol. 6, no. 3; Pp. 205-218. Quinlan, K. M., 2014, Everything for sale? The marketisation of UK higher education. By Roger Brown with Helen Carasso. British Journal of Educational Studies, (ahead-of-print), 1-3. Raffe, D., Croxford, L., 2013, How stable is the stratification of higher education in England and Scotland?. British Journal of Sociology of Education, (ahead-of-print), 1-23. Tapper, T., 2013, Roger Brown and H. Carasso: Everything for sale? The marketisation of UK higher education. Higher Education, vol. 66, no. 5; Pp. 641-643. Xue-chao, Y. H. J. M., 2012, Marketization of Higher Education in the UK: The Perspective of Financing [J]. Tsinghua Journal of Education, vol. 3, no. 015.

Dec. of indep. essays

Dec. of indep. essays The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, left both a significant and bold impact on the history of this world. In truth, its writing was for the sole purpose of stating the reasons for a need for independence from the British Empire and listing the grievances for which drove them. However, the ring from this bell echoed on into history to influence such documents as the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and many other revolutionary based documents. Many of the old ideas found in the Declaration of Independence surround the general idea of self-government and popular sovereignty. Thomas Jefferson expressed the belief in and need for the colonies to be able to pass their own laws and be tried by their juries. He also recognized the need for taxation, but for taxation with representation. Above all these, Thomas Jefferson stressed the need for the people to be able to represent themselves in a representative government. This brought about the introduction and foundation to a new form a government, a government in which power flowed from the people, not a monarch. This new form of government, first introduced by Thomas Paine, would become known as a democratic republic. This idea of Republicanism was a new and radical idea that laid its foundation in the Declaration of Independence. One specific line of the Declaration of Independence has taken on a drastically different meaning from its original and historic context. This would be the line that reads, All men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights. At the time of its writing, men consisted of only white males that owned property. Now, as everyone knows, events have changed social history and in the same token have changed the context of this statement. Men now refers to all people. This includes all male and females of all ethnicities...

The influence , the importance of time management and Cooperative Essay

The influence , the importance of time management and Cooperative learning upon me as a teacher to be and the learners of EFL (Learning through group, pair work in classrooms) - Essay Example A teacher can manage time efficiently in a classroom by planning, reducing paperwork, preparation of routines, schedules and time table that eliminate waste of time and confusion, allocate independent assignment, use learning centers, prepare seatwork that allows the teacher to work in small groups and maintain an environment in classroom that enables student to have a smooth transition from one activity to another. Beginners and veteran teachers can increase their teaching time with efficient use of time by assessing factors that consume time and thereby teachers can increase their teaching time. A teacher can be a good classroom manager by delegating work to volunteers, aides and students and save the extra time for other valuable student related work (Time Management 2009). Time management enables a teacher to recognize the amount of time required to complete important tasks on a regular basis. Prioritization of activities is made simple and allocation of time for optional activities can be made through effective time management. This gives an opportunity to avoid unimportant tasks of lesser significance that consume more time and engage the teacher fruitlessly. Effective time management simplifies the schedules of the teacher and gives more freedom to accomplish the objectives of teaching with reduced stress. Well planned teaching schedule rescues the students from a poorly organized day at school. A teacher can keep the daily teaching routine under control by discussing time management issues with colleagues (Making time for success). Further, teachers are responsible for the success of students. The effective utilization of class time reduces the anxiety of teachers and enhances the performance of students. Teachers will have some extra time at the end of the class to reflect and review the topic learned during the class on a well organized day (Time Management 2008). The significance of a teacher’s lesson time management should not be

Automatic identification systems (AIS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Automatic identification systems (AIS) - Essay Example In open water, ships sail under different courses and speeds, each following its schedule to arrive to its destination. A ship detected by visual lookouts or by radar at a range of 6 miles or less could have any course and is considered a threat to collision. Ships must make decisive quick changes in course and/or speed to avoid collision if such threat exists. Ships take time to change its course and speed since its advance in the water is a complex outcome of her heading, speed, weight, wind and current direction and speed. Decision how to pass or overcome a detected ship must be taken early in time before the detected ship is less than one mile away. Once a contact ship is detected by visual lookouts or radar, the officer of the watch must analyze the threat of collision with this contact. He must determine the detected ship's course, speed and relative motion. He must decide whether this ship is on a collision course with his ship or not based on how close this ship would pass his ship and expected changes in course and speed. If action must be taken to avoid collision, he should determine who will maneuver according to the rules of the road to avoid collision. Just imagine what should be done if more than one ship is detected. Automatic Identification system (AIS) was introduced to provide solutions to such complex scenarios. AIS provides a shipboard radar display, with overlaid electronic chart data, that includes a mark for every ship within radio range. Information pertaining to all detected ship is displayed as required. The size of the mark reflects the size of the ship. By clicking on any ship's mark, you could learn about ship's name, call sign, and classification. You could determine best maneuver to avoid collision with the detected ship instantaneously, using the displayed information such as course, speed, closest point of approach (CPA), time to CPA (TCPA) and position as latitude and longitude. You could call upon any ship within the very high frequency (VHF) range using its call sign or name using VHF communication or Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). "Display information previously available only to modern vessel traffic service operations centers could now be available to every AIS-equipped ship" (USCG 2005). Prior to the introduction of AIS, other navigation aid systems were used. The following aids to navigation would be discussed and compared to AIS: buoys, racons, radars, and Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA). The AIS system will next be described and explained. Buoyage System A buoy is a floating device which is kept in some specific place in the water to convey certain information to ships passing by. It usually marks a danger to navigation or an administrative area to allow boats ship to navigate safely. Size, shape, color and numbering are distinctive of each buoy's function and identity. Buoys that carry lights are also used at night time. Buoys carrying sound signals are used in conditions of reduced visibility such as fog (Maloney 1981). Valuable information is obtained from buoys when they are identified. A buoyage system contains a number of different types of buoys. Each type is designed to meet the requirements of different conditions. A can buoy has the shape of tin can when seen from a distance. A nun buoy has the shape of a cone with a rounded tip. A lighted buoy is a short skeleton tower with a light at the top connected to

International business Wipro case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International business Wipro case - Essay Example There is plenty of available labor for programmers and engineers at low cost in India. This paper provides the answers to three discussion questions. Outsourcing work has become a very popular business strategy in the 21st century. This business tendency began to manifest itself in the latter half of the 20th century. General Electric is a giant company that due to its size has become a bit static and its overhead and operating costs have been on the rise. In order to take corrective action to stop the rising cost from hurting the profitability of the company GE when it started doing business with Wipro in 1989 that the Indian based firm could served as valuable business allied and partner. The company began to outsource a lot of its contracts to Wipro because the company could provide valuable technical assistance at fraction of the cost of doing the same tasks in house. By the late 1990’s the outsourcing of contracts to Indian companies help GE achieve $300 million in savings. These savings allowed to company to become more competitive since lower overall costs meant the company could offer more competitive prices. These types of outsourcing contracts help the US economy instead of hurting it. The general public sometimes thinks that outsourcing is taking jobs away from American Citizens. I guess a simplistic view of the issue would anyone think that since companies such as GE eliminate labor requirements by outsourcing, but the truth of the matter is that outsourcing has saved millions of US jobs by allowing American firms to compete in the global marketplace. When a company out sources certain tasks it lowers its operating costs which enables firm to lower its overall cost structure so that companies such as GE can compete with foreign companies operating in developing nations. Such process improvements allows the manager to fulfill the goal of maximizing shareholder’s wealth (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). As

Army Profession of Arms Essay Example for Free

Army Profession of Arms Essay The Profession of Arms Campaign is mandated by John M. McHugh, secretary of the Army, and Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Army chief of staff, to assess the state of the Army and take a critical look at how the past decade of war has impacted the military and civilian workforce. â€Å"The overall objective of the campaign is for Soldiers and leaders to refine their understanding of what it means to be professionals expert members of the Profession of Arms after over nine years of war and to recommit to a culture of service and the responsibilities and behaviors of our profession as articulated in the Army ethic,† Dempsey said. Another Army leader talked about what the campaign means for all those serving in the Army, whether Soldier or civilian, and how it is designed to help transition from the past decade of continuous conflict into a still-uncertain future. â€Å"The Army has decided to introduce the campaign for the Profession of Arms to develop leaders of character and competence required to meet the dynamic challenges of the 21st century,† said Lt. Gen. Robert L. Caslen, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, Kan., commanding general. â€Å"This campaign is designed to define and reinvigorate what it means to be a professional in the Profession of Arms. As we embark on this mission, we must reflect on the values and traits that define and distinguish us as a unique profession.† Lt. Gen. Richard P. Formica, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command commanding general, has initiated a command-wide review of what it means to be in the Profession of Arms. This review is part of a broader Army wide effort and leaders across the command are getting involved in this open collaborative process to solicit and capture feedback from its Soldiers and civilians. This campaign will also be a teaching opportunity to help better understand what it means to be in this profession and what it means to be in public service that distinguishes a profession from a career. For the workforce at USASMDC/ARSTRAT, the Profession of Arms Campaign is a chance to give input to the Army on how the past decade has influenced, both good and bad, those serving their nation in wartime. â€Å"For the Army as a whole, this is a chance to assess a lot of what impact the last 10 years of being at war has had on our workforce. It is a chance to take note of what we need to do right now, what we need to do in the future and what direction we need to go in, and I think this could have a great effect on SMDC as a whole,† said Lisa Ratley, Concepts Division, Future Warfare Center-Battle Lab. â€Å"We will conduct some roundtable groups and town hall-type meetings with civilians, officers and noncommissioned officers that will take input from everyone. â€Å"This is a great opportunity for SMDC to gather input and have something to say to the Army as a whole,† she added. In the Profession of Arms Campaign, there are five ‘cohorts’ that the Army is looking at. They are officers, noncommissioned officers, warrant officers, junior enlisted Soldiers and civilians. The campaign focuses on three questions: What does it mean for the Army to be a Profession of Arms? What does it mean to be a professional Soldier? After nine years of war, how are we, as individual professionals and as a profession, meeting these aspirations? â€Å"The Army chief of staff and secretary of the Army are concerned about what effect the last 10 years of war is having on the Army,† said Donald Long, FWC-BL. â€Å"They want to assess the impact of it and to keep ahead of what has actually changed, and how do we implement fixes to any problems or issues that may come up so we can continue to be a professional Army. â€Å"The Profession of Arms Campaign was officially going to end in December but the commanding general of SMDC wants to extend it to include the next 18 to 24 months of professional development for the civilians, Soldiers and officers in the command to provide professional development on what it means to be a professional in this Profession of Arms,† Long added. The Army has also sent out 20,000 surveys to civilians across the Army to get an input from the workforce. â€Å"To me, working for the Army is not just a job, it is an understanding that we are here to serve the American people,† said Ginny Partan, FWC-BL. â€Å"I think the Profession of Arms Campaign is going to help us bridge the gap between 10 years at war and where we need to head in the future. It is going to help us take a hard look at ourselves, across the spectrum from Soldiers to civilians, to see what we are doing right and where we can improve so that we are better in the future.†

Maslows Theory Of The Hierarchy Of Needs Tourism Essay

Maslows Theory Of The Hierarchy Of Needs Tourism Essay Introduction As we know that motivation is a process where our need activates a selected behavior thanks to we can try to achieve our goal, It drives us to act in a way to achieve our desire goal and it s the general term for all processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities. Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is one of the most popular motivation theories and its also considered one of the most important theories in psychology. According to Maslow people has a specific needs and they are motivated by their desire to satisfy these needs. In addition to this he arranged these needs in hierarchical order, he put physiological needs at the bottom of hierarchy ,followed by safety needs ,the belongingness and love needs after that esteem needs and at the top of hierarchy self -actualization need. He proposed that the lower -level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become important. Travel motivation reflects ones needs and wants and can b e viewed as a critical variable in relation to their purchase decisions. Maslow hierarchy theory help us to understand the different needs that motivate travelers and in other hand it will be enhancing service providers knowledge about what kinds of experiences travelers seek, especially for certain groups of people. Maslows hierarchy is considered a useful tool for understanding consumer motivations, developing marketing strategy, appropriate advertising appeals and as the basis for market segmentation and product positioning because consumer goods often serve to satisfy each of the need levels The determinants of travel decision-making and the influential factors would also be examined since they are related to the travel motivations. Understanding of travelers motivations is critical to predict future travel patterns. Maslows five-level hierarchy need theory has been broadly accepted and used to explain travel behavior. This paper will try to discuss the Maslow hierarchy theory in tourism and the importance of this theory in tourism field .this paper also involves some studies in tourism which based on Maslow hierarchy theory and how the authors applied this theory in tourism field. Maslow hierarchy of needs theory Hierarchy of needs theory was proposed in the 1943 by Abraham Maslow who was born in April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He received his BA in 1930, his MA in 1931, and his PhD in 1934, all in psychology, all from the University of Wisconsin. Maslow presented hierarchy of needs. On the bottom of the pyramid are all physiological and safety needs such us food, water, air, rest etc. Higher levels represent higher needs, which are more complex. An affiliation on the third level of the pyramid says about belonging to a groups such as family, school or work colleagues groups; a need of love and friendship. On the forth level are self-esteem needs such as respect, achievement, confidence, need of being recognized. Self-actualization needs are on the last level of the Maslows pyramid are creativity, morality, spontaneity, problem solving etc. He also proposed that the lower -level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs become important in addition to this Maslow in 1970 also discus two important needs related directly with tourism ;the aesthetic need and the need to know and understand .(maslow,1987) The basic need hierarchy 1-Physiological needs: in this level of hierarchy people must be satisfied their physiological need which involves basic survival needs such as the needs of air, water, food and shelter. People cant become concerned with other higher-order needs before they satisfy these needs 2-Safety needs: this level is the second level of maslow;s hierarchy of needs which concerns peoples need to be secure and safe in their environment. It includes the need for protection psychological and physical harm. 3-Belongingness and love need: these needs include dealing with and acceptance by other people, giving and receiving affection and friendship. Based on Maslows theory people cant reach to this level until satisfied their physiological and safety needs 4-Esteem needs: according to Maslow theses needs may be classified in to two subsidiary sets. First, the desire for achievement, adequacy, strength, competence and freedom.seconde we have what we may call the desire for reputation or prestige, status, recognition importance and dignity. 5-Self actualization needs: people need for self- actualization represents their desire to fulfill their potential, maximizing the use of their skills and abilities .malsow proposed that even if all the previous need are satisfied we may still often expect that anew discontent and restlessness will soon develop, unless the individual is doing what he or she, individually is fitted for.(Hitt ,Miller andColella,2006) There is no doubt that , all these needs affect the choice of destination selected by tourists by tourists, an extreme -adventure tourists might forgo all lower needs to satisfy self actualization. The basic idea of Maslows theory is that individuals are waiting beings they always desire more and that they want relays on what they already have. Its necessary to know that Maslows theory relates to individual development and motivation in life and not just to the behavior of people at work. Thats mean the hierarchy of needs can be applied to the satisfaction of the needs and expectations of tourists as well as to members of workers who work in tourist establishment. (Mulins, 1998) Maslow theory in tourism This theory is very important in tourism sector because the determinants of travel decision-making and the influential factors would also be examined since they are related to the travel motivations. Understanding of travelers motivations is critical to predict future travel patterns. Maslows five-level hierarchy need theory has been broadly accepted and used to explain travel behavior. In addition to this, the satisfaction of people (tourists, employees) needs plays a vital role to develop this sector. According to Horner and Swarbrooke, (2001) satisfying the tourists in tourism is very important for three reasons:- It leads to positive word -of -mouth recommendation of the service to friends and families, which in turn brings in new tourists. Creating a repeat customer by satisfying them with their first use of product brings a steady source of income with no need for extra marketing expenditure Dealing with complaints is expensive, time-consuming and bad for the organizations reputation .further more; it can bring direct cost through compensation payment. In tourism we have two customers one who pay and the other who is working in tourists establishments .when we satisfy the workers need in workplace that will be reflected in their works and quality of service which provide to tourists. Maslow as we know that also discuss two important needs related directly with tourism ;the aesthetic need and the need to know and understand. these needs are less known to people because they were not included in the hierarchical needs model .however, from tourism standpoint , these needs carry more weight than others beyond the hierarchical needs model .people travel to learn about something new and to be exposed to objects of beauty. Unfortunately, a few tourism studies have applied Maslows model in relation to these two sets of human needs. (Hsu and Huang, 2008) Examples of tourists studies TOURISM MARKETING FOR CITIES AND TOWNS Using Branding and events to attract tourists By Bonita M. Kolb The author in his book used this theory when he discuss the factors which affect on a person behavior to chose tourist destination, we can observe that the Hierarchy of needs theory has direct application for marketing because many of these needs are satisfied through the purchase of services and products . Of course, person must continue to satisfy his basic need for food, clothing shelter and security even while they are satisfying his belonging and self-esteem needs. A well-designed tourism package will give Chance to tourists to satisfy many of their needs at the same time. After all, on matter how exciting is the places attraction, the tourist will still needing good food, a comfortable be, and personal security. Therefore, tourism marketers must provide information in their promotional on how tourists can satisfy their basic needs while stimunesaly promoting how a visit to the place will satisfy tourists need for belonging, self- esteem, and even self-actualization needs. Satisfying physiological and safety needs Tourists want assurance that the place can provide a suitable hotel rooms and high quality restaurants. Inn addition to this the tourists information about the places safety can encourage them to visit this place. Promotional materials must provide information on the places restaurants, hotels and safety[mark. in other hand money is one hotels award that is potentially related to these needs to the extent that it provides for food and shelter. , in addition to this workers must consider their jobs are security factors and as means for keeping what they have acquired ( mulins,1998) Satisfying belonging needs The social belonging and self -esteem needs play a key role to motivate people to visit any place by using a good promotion such as a small places or tourists destination can satisfy tourists belonging need by communicating a friendly and welcoming atmosphere. A large destination also can satisfy these needs through the number of tourists from every where can be helped to make tourists feel like they are apart of new social group. In addition to this when the tourists build a strong relationship with a local community that may help to motivate a repeat visit. In addition to this, Workers satisfaction in hotels may come from family relationships, a job usually provides an additional source of relationships, The manager can use this theory when he wants to motivate workers through give them money in order to satisfy them basic needs after that by communication can make a good work environment .also when the worker feels there are affair system in hotel thats mean career development he will be more satisfy To satisfy tourists belonging need, all tourists destination have to provide a social events and activities that allow tourists to deal with indigenous people and with other tourists .in other hand the workers in tourists establishment must satisfy their belonging needs Satisfying self esteem These needs also can be used to motivate people to visit by sharing the information about the trip with others after returning home. Tourists can satisfy their self -esteem by traveling to learn or improve skill or pursue anew or existing interest .in other hand these needs can be also be enhanced by participation in events that are unique or of limited availability .workers also can satisfy their esteem needs by money and financial rewards because they provide signals of peoples worth to the hotels. Satisfying self actualization Tourism may provide the chance for tourists to improve their own special skills or interests to a professional level; tourism marketers could improve a tourist package that involves advanced lectures by experts or training by celebrities. Self actualization also involves the need to do good for others; tourism marketers also must consider hosting special activities for tourists that also have an altruistic purpose. Maslows hierarchy and food tourism in Finland: five cases By Irma Tikkanen The author in this paper attempted to explore the field of food tourism in Finland by using Maslows theory in classification and how can the food tourism promoters emphasize on the need of people to motivate them According to Tikkanen food and beverage expenditure amount to one-third of overall tourist expenditure of the global tourism because eating is one of our physiological needs ,in addition to this in his paper he attempted to find the link between needs and motivations in hierarchy of needs and also how are they linked with tourism . As we know that Food need is one of the most important basic needs which person cant survive without it but also catering services and food images are very important ingredient of cultural tourism. In this paper the author mentioned that If the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, consequently, a new set of needs emerge, which may be categorized roughly as the safety needs, The safety needs represent the desire to be free of danger ,it is also a multidisciplinary problem. That includes food processing and legislation; management systems and organizational culture; microbiological, chemical and physical hazards; and human behavior. After the physiological and safety needs satisfied, needs of the need for love, affection and belongingness arise. The esteem needs show an individual desire for a feeling of self-confidence and adequacy. This may reflect internal feelings of strength, achievement, independence, or external desires of reputation, prestige, recognition, attention, etc Even if all these needs are satisfied, we may still often expect that a new discontent and restlessness will soon develop, unless the individual has an inward vocation. In other words, what a man can be, he must be. These needs called self-actualization. Food tourism defined asa visitation to primary and secondary food producers, food festivals, restaurants and specific locations for which food tasting and/or experiencing the attributes of specialist food production region are the primary motivating factor for travel. The authors believe that this definition is insufficient in explaining all food tourism and he agrees with the opinion which said that food and tourism have a strong related and Food has recognized as: a part of the local culture, which tourists consume; a part of tourist promotion; a potential component of local agricultural and economic development; and a regional factor that is affected by the consumption patterns and perceived preferences of the tourists. The authors in his study used multiple-case design because the evidence obtained this way is often regarded as more impressive and assuring. In addition to this five cases representing each type of need in Maslows theory of needs were selected. The goal of the identified five sectors with cases is to explain the case study findings with related to Maslows hierarchy of needs and its applicability into food tourism. According to authors the five sector of food tourism in Finland are; food tourism based on physiological needs, food tourism based on safety needs, food tourism based on esteem needs, and food tourism based on self-actualizing needs. In this paper author discussed food tourism respect to hierarchy of needs. Food tourism based on psychological needs:- When the main motivation of food tourism is physiological needs, food is then seen as a tourist attraction such as, on cruise ships the quality and the variety of the meals is attracting tourists, Thats mean the tourists want to satisfy their psychological needs through food tourism. The authors discussed the situation of food tourism in Finland and he mentioned that the international cruising food tourism dates back to the 1960s when cruising tourism started between Finland and Sweden. At that time the assortment of foodstuffs in shops was narrow, and the display was imperfect compared to that of today, and also he focused on the alcohol which was one of the main motivations for the international cruising tourism between Finland and Sweden as well as Finland and Estonia. In addition to this In the Suonenjoki region, strawberry picking attracts tourists from Russian Carelia every summer offering seasonal income. Self-service strawberry picking attracts tourists locally and regionally on a smaller scale. Food tourism based on safety needs:- In this sector of food tourism , it respected to safety needs which consists mainly of local and international food, as well as health and safety conferences, where participants are mostly university researchers, health officers and retailers .the authors emphases on the international conferences of safety food which organized February 1-3, 2003 in Paris, France and one of the One of the companies sending delegates to this event on an annual basis is Kesko, the second biggest retailer in Finland. Food tourism based on social needs:- In this sector of food tourism the author mentioned that Food is becoming the main point of festivals and special activities that attracts tourists as well as indigenous residents in addition to this Food and food activities can be viewed as complementing the trip and helping to the trips success, the tourists consumption experience, but they can also form a top activity during the trip. Therefore, food and the activities linked to it may become the regions core attraction such as; the International Wine Festival in Kuopio collected about 50,000 visitors in 2003. Food tourism based on esteem needs:- As we said that before esteem needs show an individual desire for a feeling of self-confidence and adequacy, the authors focused on Provincial à   la carte projects which established to promote culinary food tourism and organized in the following regions: Kainuu, Lake Finland, Lapland, Middle Finland, Northern Savo, Northern Carelia, and Ostrobotnia. One of the most important aim of this project is to increase information of the regional food tradition and main materials and to use them in the modern catering services Food tourism based on self-actualizing needs:- In this type of food tourism the authors emphasized on categorized business to be the purpose of a visit in meetings and conferences. According to thee authors Food trade fair tourism involves of international and domestic food trade fairs. There are many international food trade fairs, such as BioFach World Organic Trade Fair in Nuremberg, Germany. International food conferences attract food scientists to increase their knowledge. One annually organized domestic food conference is the Finnish Food Congress which has been organized annually since 1970. It is the largest professional educational event for the food sector in Finland. Through these conferences we can satisfy self actualization of food experts who seek new kinds of culinary ideas and new food products. Such as cooks, restaurant managers, food wholesale buyers etc. The authors in his paper used the empirical findings which indicate that when classifying food tourism by sectors, Maslows hierarchy of needs and motivations can be used as the basis in the classification. Travel motivation: a critical review of the concepts development. By Cathy H.C Hsu and Songshan Huang. The intent of this study represents the development of travel motivation concept over the year; the authors apply Maslows hierarchy theory to travel motivation theory. in addition to this they highlights the two conceptual framework ; travel career leader and travel career pattern . The study also discussed other concepts which influence in travel motivation such as push and pull, Mannel and Iso-Ahlo model of escaping and seeking dimensions, merits of Plogs allocentrism / phsycontrism. In addition the study explained methodological issues in tourist motivation research. We will focus only on the uses of Maslows hierarchy in this study. According to Hsu and Huang (2008) travel motivation related to why people travel motivation related to why people travel so this area is relatively difficult research area of tourism enquiry . Based on this problem this paper reviews some of the most important research pieces relating to the subject, and which document the conceptual development of the motivation construct. Authors mentioned that sociology and social psychology is root of theoretical framework of travel motivation studies. In addition Maslows hierarchy of needs can be used to analyze the theoretical of many tourism researches because is one of the most influential motivation theories in the academic and in the public domain, one reason of this popularity of theory is its simplicity. Maslows theory was developed by clinical psychology, the premise is applicable to others sectors such as counseling, marketing, tourism and organizational psychology. The study also explained how Pears in (1982) used Maslows hierarchy theory in his study the social psychology of tourism behavior . Pears in his study analyzed 400 cases of travel experiences provided by some 200 tourists in Australia, Europe, U.S.A and Canada .he wrote down each respondent one positive experience and one negative experience. Pears analyzed and coded the tourists experience data in to five categories in accordance to Maslows hierarchy. Based on the information s which collected through analyzed, he suggested that travel motivation has the properties of an approach-avoidance paradigm and travelers attracted to holiday destination because of the possibility satisfying self-actualization, love and belongingness and physiological needs in that order of importance. (Hsu and Huang ,2008) This paper also mentioned hat Maslow in his theory discussed two others important human needs: aesthetic needs and the need to know and understand something new. These needs are very important in tourism field because person travels in order to see and learn about something new. But these needs were not included in the hierarchy of needs so the needs are less know to people. Maslows of needs theory as applied to tourism field has been one of the significant main point in travel motivation research, as we said that before this study also highlights the two conceptual framework in understanding travel motivation; travel career leader (TCL) and travel career pattern (TCP). Travel career leader can be traced to Pearces earlier work in tourist behavior and it is based upon Maslows hierarchy of needs. Based on the TCL tourists needs or motivations are organized in a hierarchy with relaxation needs at the lowest level followed by safety needs, relationship needs, self-esteem and development needs and finally fulfillment need. The main idea underlying this conceptual framework is that a persons travel motivation changes with his /her travel experience. (Hsu and Huang,2008) The second conceptual framework which presented recently by Pearce and his friend Lee in (2003) is Travel Career Pattern (TCP), it is also known as adjusted version of TCL. In fact its quite different of travel career leader. This concept tested by Pearce and lee in two studies and generate very similar motivation factors ,these factors can be classified in two groups ; the first one involves the most significant and common motivation factors to tourists such as novelty ,relax and relationship while the other group involves motivation factors that were less significant to respondents e.g. stimulation ,isolation and social status. In addition Pearce and lee proposed three levels of TCP they put significant common motives e.g. relax, relationship and novelty in the main layer, the next layer which surrounding the main layer involves the moderately important travel motives e.g. self -actualization. The outer layer includes of common and less important travel motives e.g. social status, isolation and nostalgia. In addition Pearce and Lee explained that pleasure tourists at all levels of TCP are affected by the most important and central travel motives as well as by less important motives. Travel Career Patter ns as a tourist motivation model is still underdevelopment and its validity requires further rigorous tests. (Hsu and Huang,2008) We can observe the relationship between Maslows hierarchy of needs and TCP and how can Pearce and his colleagues Lee in 666 used maslows theory to introduce this new model. 4-Travel motivations of package tour travellers By Jui Chi Chang In this study the authors examined travel motives as well as travel decision-making of Taiwanese travellers with a group package tour abroad. Tourism is an industry for people who are looking for something different and they want to be treated as valuable customers travel motivation as we know reflects ones needs and wants and can be viewed as a critical variable in relation to their purchase decisions and outcome of satisfaction. Motivation emerges when an individual wants to satisfy a need. According to Maslow theory a person has different needs which he wants to satisfy it and these needs motivate person to act anything in order to satisfy his needs , the author mentioned that , Studying travel motivation helps one to understand customers needs, thus enhancing service providers knowledge about what kinds of experiences travellers seek, especially for certain groups of people in addition to this Understanding of travellers motivations is critical to predict future travel patterns. thats mean its necessary to study motivation theory especially the Maslow theory of need which determine the person need According to the author Maslows five-level hierarchy need theory has been broadly accepted and used to explain travel behaviour. Self actualization, the highest need in Maslows hierarchy, generates internal satisfaction and explains the necessity of acquiring knowledge and learning about different cultures. Fulfilling higher-order needs might also be associated with lower-order needs to which multiple motives contribute. Still, it is arguable that not all travellers are able to fulfil the highest need of self-actualization since some people may not consider it to be so significant. The author mentioned that It is difficult to determine which stimulation triggers ones needs in the first place. Besides, one persons needs may not be the same as anothers, even though they are in the same life cycle. Nevertheless, theories of motivation have played an important role in the development of tourism psychology This study suggests that socio-psychological needs are an important motivation for travel, and socio-economic considerations are regarded as a crucial motivation for travel decision-making. Furthermore, travellers decision-making may be strongly influenced by their social relationships friends/relatives recommendations. Finally we can say that Maslow hierarchy theory can used to explain travel behaviour and can help to determine which factor play a vital role to effect on person decision to visit destination and practice some activities. Conclusion There is a wide variety of theoretical frameworks that have been developed and used in attempts to explain the issues of motivation and satisfaction. As we know that, Human needs can be divided into different categories and the successful in tourism field based on how can tourism satisfy stakeholders needs in tourism sector,. Maslows hierarchical needs theory, although developed in the field of clinical psychology has become widely influential as the best-known general theory of motivation and has been applied to explain motivation in many social disciplines, and areas such as business, marketing and tourism. it has been called an emotional trigger that enables marketers to communicate with their target audiences on a personal, meaningful level that goes beyond product benefits. This theory has been broadly accepted and used to explain travel behaviour. Self actualization, the highest need in Maslows hierarchy, generates internal satisfaction and explains the necessity of acquiring knowledge and learning about different cultures. Fulfilling higher-order needs might also be associated with lower-order needs to which multiple motives contribute. Still, it is arguable that not all travellers are able to fulfil the highest need of self-actualization since some people may not consider it to be so significant. One of the main reasons for the popularity of Maslows hierarchy of needs is probably its simplicity. This hierarchy could be related to the travel industry in the sense that unless individuals have their physiological and safety needs met, they are less likely to be interested in travelling the world to make a difference. Self actualization can, in fact, be considered the end or goal of leisure. Finally we can say that, Maslows five-level hierarchy need theory plays a vital role to determine these needs and helps all the parties to understand the different needs of people in order to satisfy it and achieve success in tourism field.